Behavior of the variables associated with the mortality of patients due to Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction, as one of the most serious forms of ischemic heart disease, is a health problem of global relevance.

Objective: To characterize the variables associated with mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction at the "Manuel Fajardo Rivero" Hospital.

Methodological design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the “Manuel Fajardo Rivero” Hospital, in the province of Villa Clara, from September 2018 to November 2021. The study population consisted of 57 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction who died at the governing center.

Results: Patients aged 75 years and older predominated (61.4%), male sex (66.7%), class IV of the Killip Kimball classification (49.6%), and cardiogenic shock predominated among complications (63.2%).

Conclusions: The increase in the elderly population is related to higher mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI), being more prevalent in men over 70 years of age. The most significant risk factors include arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking, aligning with previous research. The Killip-Kimball classification correlates with mortality, highlighting that grade III and IV present higher fatality rates. In addition, cardiogenic shock is identified as the main cause of in-hospital death, underlining the need for prevention strategies and a proactive clinical approach in the management of AMI.